Its all started when John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley at
Bell Labs decided to create a new amplifier better than the one created by
graham bill.
The invention of the transistor revolutionized electronics and paved the
way for computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices.
Before the transistor was invented, vacuum tubes were used to amplify and
switch electrical signals. However, vacuum tubes had several drawbacks.
They were relatively large, required a lot of power to operate, and generated
a lot of heat. Transistors, in contrast, were much smaller, required less
power, and generated much less heat.
In 1951, the first commercial transistor was produced by Texas Instruments.
It was called the “solid state” transistor and was used in hearing aids. Soon
afterwards, transistors began to be used in radios, televisions, and other
consumer electronics. In the 1960s, transistors were used in mainframe
computers and quickly replaced vacuum tubes.
In the 1970s, transistors were used in integrated circuits and were used in
smaller and smaller devices. By the 1990s, transistors had become a major
component in personal computers and cell phones. Today, transistors are
found in almost all electronic devices, from calculators to cars.

To understand how transistors work, we must first look at the three
terminals that make up a transistor – the base, collector, and emitter. The
base is the input terminal and is responsible for controlling current flow
between the collector and emitter. The collector is the output terminal and
is responsible for collecting current from the emitter. The emitter is the
ground terminal and is responsible for releasing the current.
When a current is applied to the base terminal, it creates a voltage
differential between the base and the emitter, allowing current to flow
from the collector to the emitter. This is known as forward biasing. When
the voltage applied to the base terminal is reversed, the current flow is
blocked, known as reverse biasing.
Which makes it a switch that is controlled using an applied current to the
base.
Transistors can also be used to amplify current. When a small current is
applied to the base terminal, it causes a much larger current to flow
between the collector and emitter, allowing the transistor to amplify the
current. This process is known as transistor action.
So how exactly does the transistor revolutionized the technology:
The transistor is a key component in all modern computers, allowing us to
process data faster, store more information, and allow for more complex
algorithms to be run on the computer. The transistor is essentially a switch
that can be used to turn electronic signals on and off, And this is basically
the language of the computer off and on means zeros and ones. So that
means that we use the transistors as storing devices to run the computer.
The transistor continues to evolve and be used in more and more devices.
Researchers are currently working on graphene transistors, which are made
from a single sheet of carbon atoms and are extremely small. In the future,
transistors may be used in even more devices, such as medical implants
and robots.
The invention of the transistor has revolutionized the electronic industry
and brought us into the digital age. Without this revolutionary invention,
many of the devices we use today would not exist.

Written by Mina Sameh,